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<p>Microcontrollers, also referred to as MCUs (microcontroller units), are embedded semiconductor devices used in circuit board design. They are essentially a computer within an integrated circuit (IC). Microcontrollers are mostly used in single-function embedded applications, unlike microprocessors which are designed for general-purpose work in Personal Computers, Tablets and Smartphones. Microcontrollers are limited in their clock speed compared to microprocessors by the relative slowness of their non-volatile Flash program memory. Learn more in our <a href="/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice/microcontrollers-guide">microcontrollers guide</a>.</p><h2>What are Microcontrollers made up of?</h2><p>Microcontrollers contain single or multiple processors, plus memory and I/O peripherals. These peripherals include timers, ADCs (analogue-to-digital converters) and DACs (digital-to-analogue converters).</p><h2>What does 8-bit mean?</h2><p>Microcontrollers have a data bus width which describes the amount of data the MCU can process at a time. For example, an 8-bit microcontroller can process 8 bits at one time. Popular data bus widths include 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCUs.</p><h2>What packages are available for Microcontrollers?</h2><p>MCUs come in standard chip packages with various pin counts. Package types include:</p><ul><li>LQFP</li><li>PDIP</li><li>QFN</li><li>SOIC</li><li>SSOP</li><li>TQFP</li><li>TSSOP</li></ul><h2>What are ARM processor cores?</h2><p>Microcontrollers often contain an ARM microprocessor core. ARM represents an architecture developed by ARM Holdings, which is used by other companies to manufacture microprocessors and other devices such as System-on-Chip (SoCs).</p><ul><li>Cortex-M0</li><li>Cortex-M0+</li><li>Cortex-M1</li><li>Cortex-M3</li><li>Cortex-M4</li><li>Cortex-M7</li><li>Cortex-M23</li><li>Cortex-M33</li><li>Cortex-M35P</li></ul><h2>Where are microcontrollers used?</h2><p>MCUs can be found in many technologies and any electronic device containing a sensor, a display, a user interface and a programmable output control or actuator is likely to feature an MCU. They can be found in the following areas:</p><ul><li>Computers</li><li>Automotive</li><li>Robotics</li><li>Automation</li><li>Medical equipment</li><li>Home appliances</li><li>IoT devices</li></ul>

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